表面增强拉曼光谱技术因其高灵敏度、操作简单、快速检测等优点，被广泛用于病毒检测方面。国内外的病毒拉曼检测研究主要集中在检测病毒核酸以及组成核酸的各种碱基的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)，但少见对病毒蛋白的SERS检测。以新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）的S蛋白为检测对象，采用无标记SERS检测方法，对比SARS-CoV-2固态、饱和液态S蛋白的普通拉曼光谱和选用40 nm金纳米粒子为基底的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱。结果表明，以40 nm金纳米粒子为基底，采用SERS技术检测SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白是完全可行的。SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白分子中的羧基与金纳米粒子发生了分子增强，氨基与金纳米粒子发生了电磁增强，从而使得SARS-CoV-2的S蛋白拉曼效应得到了增强，并使得峰位发生一定移动。实验获得了较好的SARS-CoV-2低浓度S蛋白SERS光谱，为建立敏感、特异、快速的SARS-CoV-2检测新技术提供了一种方法。

为了精密检测靶丸壳层厚度及其分布数据，开展了靶丸壳层厚度及其分布的白光反射光谱测量技术研究。介绍了靶丸壳层的白光反射光谱及其光谱数据处理方法（极值法、峰值拟合法、干涉级次校正法等）的基本原理，搭建了基于白光反射光谱的精密回转轴系测量装置；开展了GDP靶丸壳层厚度及其分布的白光反射光谱测量、数据处理和可靠性验证实验，获得了靶丸壳层厚度圆周分布曲线。结果表明，基于峰值拟合法和干涉级次校正的白光反射光谱技术可实现靶丸壳层厚度及其分布的准确测量，其测量误差小于0.1 μm。

Deuterated polymer microspheres can be used as a neutron source in conjunction with lasers because thermonuclear fusion neutrons can be produced efficiently by collisions of the resulting energetic deuterium ions. A new type of solid deuterated polymer microsphere with a carbon hydrogen–carbon deuterium (CH-CD) multilayer has been designed for preparing the target for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. To fabricate these solid CH-CD multilayer microspheres, CH beads are first fabricated by a microfluidic technique, and the CD coating layer is prepared by a plasma polymerization method. Both polystyrene (PS) and poly(α-methylstyrene) (PAMS) are used as the material sources for the CH beads. The effects of the PS and PAMS materials on the quality of the solid CH beads and the resulting CH-CD multilayer polymer microspheres are investigated. The solid PS beads have better sphericity and a smoother surface, but large vacuoles are observed in solid PS-CD multilayer microspheres owing to the presence of residual fluorobenzene in the beads and a glass transition temperature of the solid PS beads that is lower than the temperature of plasma polymerization. Therefore, solid PAMS beads are more suitable as a mandrel for fabricating solid CH-CD multilayer polymer microspheres. Solid CH-CD multilayer microspheres with specified size have been successfully prepared by controlling the droplet size and the CD deposition rate and deposition time. Compared with the design value, the diameter deviation of the inner CH beads and the thickness deviation of the CD layer can be controlled within 20 μm and 2 μm, respectively. Thus, an approach has been developed to fabricate solid CH-CD multilayer microspheres that meet the physical design requirements for ICF.

开发具有高灵敏度、高准确性的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）快速检测技术对疫情防控具有重要作用。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）技术对人体唾液中的痕量SARS-CoV-2病毒刺突蛋白（S蛋白）进行了检测。结果表明，含S蛋白的唾液样本与原始唾液样本的拉曼光谱具有显著区别，含S蛋白的唾液样本谱图中可清晰观察到属于S蛋白的拉曼谱线。该结果为后续SERS技术在SARS-CoV-2病毒快速检测方面的应用奠定了坚实基础。

在实验室实现聚变反应释放的能量大于点燃聚变反应所需能量的阈值是当今世界ICF研究的主要目标，实现这一目标仍需要深入研究一系列的关键物理问题。在ICF研究中，制靶能力的发展与提升至关重要，靶的质量是实验成功的核心要素之一。本文介绍了国际ICF靶制备工作近年来在新型烧蚀层材料靶丸、新型靶丸支撑技术、优化黑腔材料与构型以及减小燃料填充管直径等方面取得的一系列进展，并结合ICF物理需求，简要阐述了ICF靶的发展趋势。

As the basic conditions for laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research, the targets are required to be well specified and elaborately fabricated. Because of the characteristics of the targets, the research and fabrication process is a systematically tough task, which needs fundamental and deep insights into film deposition, mechanical machining, precise measurement and assembly, etc. As a result, knowledge of material science, physics, mechanical as well as electronics is a necessity for target researchers. In this paper, we give introductions to the state of art on target fabrication for ICF research at Research Center of Laser Fusion (RCLF) in China.